琺瑯彩石榴紋賞瓶

款識(shí)；大清
規(guī)格；重225g高；17.5cm口徑；4cm
下圖為大清乾隆琺瑯彩石榴紋賞瓶
起先，繪制琺瑯彩的顏料要從歐洲進(jìn)口。大清雍正即位后，開(kāi)始撥?？顚ｍ?xiàng)用于，研發(fā)琺瑯彩顏料，終于在雍正六年的七月研發(fā)成功，不僅能自煉出與原口顏料一樣的顏色，還大大豐富了顏色的種類，這一研究成果使大清朝的琺瑯彩瓷器制作有了突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展。
制作琺瑯彩瓷器所需要的白瓷胎由景德鎮(zhèn)御窯廠，這里不能不提到唐英，他于雍正六年起擔(dān)任御窯廠的督陶官。正是由于他的督窯有功，御窯廠才能燒制出造型、白潤(rùn)堅(jiān)質(zhì)的薄胎瓷，為琺瑯彩瓷器的制作提供了首要條件。白瓷胎運(yùn)到宮廷后，在雍正皇帝的親自授意下，在內(nèi)務(wù)府造辦處琺瑯作由宮廷畫家精心彩繪，又有專人題寫詩(shī)句、款印，后入炭爐經(jīng)600℃爐火焙燒而成。
大清朝乾隆年間的琺瑯彩不惜工本，名手彩繪，名工燒制，一件琺瑯彩瓷器燒制成功往往要經(jīng)歷數(shù)月時(shí)間。由于瓷胎太薄，在二次燒制時(shí)極易破裂，這些因素都造成了琺瑯彩瓷器的數(shù)量極為有限。
不得不承認(rèn)，還沒(méi)有哪一個(gè)朝代的琺瑯彩瓷器如大清朝的那般典雅秀麗，以瓷胎為畫絹，布局章法沿襲了中國(guó)畫融詩(shī)、書、畫、印于一體的傳統(tǒng)。我們可以用《陶雅》中的語(yǔ)句來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)大清朝琺瑯彩瓷器：“質(zhì)地之白，白如雪也，一絕也；薄如卵幕，口噓之欲飛，二絕也；以極精之顯微鏡窺之，花有露光，鮮艷纖麗，蝶有茸毛，且頸項(xiàng)豎起，三絕也；小品而題極精之楷篆各款，細(xì)如蠅頭，四絕也?！蔽覀兛吹降倪@件合家歡琺瑯彩賞瓶，正是這“四絕”的體現(xiàn)！
瓶身所繪雌、石榴紋圖，色澤鮮亮而柔和。其構(gòu)圖和風(fēng)格皆具郎世寧之畫風(fēng)，而又靈活，華麗高雅而又不庸俗，彰顯輝煌盛世的那種富貴雍容和超神韻。
瓶身大小適中，剛好適合把玩于掌中。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)瓶身時(shí)，猶如正在欣賞一幅延綿無(wú)邊的長(zhǎng)畫，你才真正體會(huì)到這件合家歡琺瑯彩賞瓶的富貴與華麗：回首凝望，渾身毛色絢爛奪目，一翎一羽描繪得精細(xì)入微，呼之欲出。粉紅、藕荷、淡黃各色競(jìng)相綻放，嬌嫩欲滴。輕握掌中，那種感覺(jué)如同掬起一汪春水，輕盈而又清潤(rùn)；又如同絲綢滑過(guò)手背，細(xì)膩而又溫柔，此琺瑯彩存世珍品。

Knowledge
Specifications; heavy 225g high; 17.5cm caliber; 4cm
The picture below is the enamel pomegranate stripe of Qianlong, Qing Dynasty.
At first, the paint for enamel should be imported from Europe. After Yongzheng came into power in the Qing Dynasty, special funds were allocated for the research and development of enamel colored pigments. Finally, in July of the sixth year of Yongzheng, the research and development succeeded. It not only refined the same color as the original oral pigments, but also greatly enriched the variety of colors.
The white porcelain tyres needed to make enamel-colored porcelain are provided by Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory. Tang Ying is mentioned here. He served as the superintendent of the Royal Kiln Factory since Yongzheng six years ago. It is precisely because of his superintendent kiln, the imperial kiln factory can produce a perfect shape, white and hard thin body porcelain, enamel colored porcelain production provides the first condition. After the white porcelain tires were transported to the palace, under the instructions of Emperor Yongzheng himself, the enamel paintings of the office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were carefully painted by the palace painters, and some special people wrote poems and inscriptions. Finally, they were baked in a charcoal oven at 600 degrees Celsius.
During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, enamel colors were made by famous painters, famous artists, and one piece of enamel colored porcelain was successfully fired, which often took several months. Because the porcelain tire is too thin, it is very easy to crack during the second firing. These factors have caused the number of enamel-colored porcelain is extremely limited.
It must be admitted that there was no Dynasty of enamel-colored porcelain as elegant and beautiful as the Qing Dynasty, with porcelain tires as silk painting, layout and organization of the Chinese painting followed the tradition of poetry, calligraphy, painting, printing in one. We can use the words in Tao Ya to evaluate the Qing Dynasty enamel-colored porcelain: "white texture, white as snow, one is absolute; thin as an egg curtain, whistling like flying, two is absolute; with a very fine microscope peep, flowers have dew light, bright and beautiful, butterflies have velvet, and the neck is erect, three is absolute; sketches and a very fine example seal Each section is as thin as a fly and four must be. " We see this family enamel painted bottle, which is the perfect embodiment of this "four wonders".
The female and pomegranate patterns depicted in the bottle are bright and soft. Its composition and style are Lang Shining's style of painting, exquisite and flexible, gorgeous and elegant but not vulgar, highlighting the glorious era of that kind of rich grace and unique charm.
The size of the bottle is moderate, just suitable for playing in the palm. When you turn the bottle, as if you are enjoying a long and endless painting, you really appreciate the wealth and gorgeousness of this family jubilant enamel reward bottle: looking back, the whole body is gorgeous, one plume is delicately depicted, and it is eager to breathe out. Pink, lotus root and yellowish flowers are all competing to bloom. The feeling in the palm of the hand is like a spring water, light and moist, and silk slips over the back of the hand, delicate and gentle, which is a rare treasure in the world.

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